Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases with Special Reference to History and Current Status of LSD in Egypt: A One Health Approach

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Abstract

Infectious diseases known as "vector-borne diseases" (VBDs) are re-emerging and
re-emerging, inflicting considerable economic losses due to high mortality rates,
decreased productivity in the livestock sector, and effects on both human and
animal health. Furthermore, VBDs make for roughly 25% of important vertebrate
pathogens for veterinarians. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites cause vector-borne
illnesses, which are spread through the bite of hematophagous arthropods
(mostly ticks and mosquitoes). Given that most of these diseases are zoonotic,
managing them requires a multidisciplinary approach. Insects that feed on
disease-causing microorganisms from an infected host (human or animal) and
then inject them into their next victim during their next blood meal include
mosquitoes, sandflies, ticks, bugs, flies, fleas, lice, and some freshwater aquatic
snails. Arthropod populations, such as flea, tick, mosquito, sandfly, and Culicoides
populations, are susceptible to quick changes in temperature and humidity. Both
the abundance and distribution of vectors can be impacted by climatic changes
that go beyond simple increases in mean temperature. The current review throws
lights into VBDs and their vectors in Egypt.

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