University of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Molecular Studies on Pasteurella multocida in Ducks1916017610.21608/jcvr.2021.160176ENEsraaAbd-ElsadekVeterinarian, Private Clinic, Minufiya, EgyptAlaa E.H.MostafaDean of faculty of veterinary medicine, Sadat universityAhmedAbouelkhairJournal Article20200910Pasteurella multocida is the common cause of Duck septicemia (Pasteurellosis) which affects ducks leading to high economic losses to duck producers. Pasteurella multocida infections are associated with severe, life-threatening systemic disease involving both hemorrhagic pneumonia and septicemia. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 220 samples collected from different breeds of ducks (Mallard, Muscovy and Baladi) from Minufiya governorate, Egypt. Only 16 cases were positive for Pasteurella multocida infection (7.3%). These isolates were confirmed microscopically, biochemically and rapidly by using Vitek2 compact system. The application of PMT-ELISA and mouse lethality test for the 16 isolates of P.multocida serotypes for differentiation between toxigenic and non toxigenic isolates. All tested of 16 isolates showed to be toxigenic by using PMT-ELISA and mouse lethality test. The application of PCR and multiplex PCR for the detection of tox A gene and capsular serotyping of toxigenic isolates of P.multocida respectively. All 16 P.multocida isolates were positive to tox A and capsular type A (100%). This study concluded that P. multocida serve as a major cause of Duck septicemia (Pasteurellosis) which affects ducks leading to high economic losses in poultry industry. Also indicated that the majority of P. multocida serotypes are toxigenic. https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160176_842b4e4ad045b29afb9df2f66622c107.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Serotypes, Virulence Factors and Antibiograms of Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrhetic Calves in Egypt: A review102216018410.21608/jcvr.2021.160184ENRedaTarabeesDepartment of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Minfyia, Egypt.0000-0003-2171-7978GamalYounisDepartment of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansuora University, EgyptHebaEl-KhetabyDirectorie of veterinary Medicine, Almeria, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20210102Colibacillosis is the main trouble confronted in cattle outputting, causing considerable economic losses. The infected or carrier calves and cows shed the bacteria in the feces and causing the transmission of pathogenic E. coli to calves at the environment. Diagnosis of E. coli infection in calves relies on history, clinical signs, the culture of bacteria, and serotyping of bacteria. Colibacillosis requires immediate response to colibacillosis is variable, centered on isolation and treatment of dehydration &antimicrobial therapy. Parental antibiotics can give a good result if given in the early stage, but not without rehydration therapy. The prevalence of colibacillosis differs from 5.4 to 100%, and it is roughly estimated that calf mortality connected with colibacillosis of 20% may reduce net profit to 40%. The emergence of multi-drug resistant E. coli isolated from diarrhetic calves has been raised as a new concern for public health and food safety authorities. Routine monitoring of E.coli isolated from diarrhetic calves will help reduce the transmission to humans and help select the most effective antibiotics. In conclusion, dam vaccination before calving, improve hygiene around calving and proper colostrum administration considered the main factors to control and prevent the disease. In addition, vigilant monitoring of E. coli isolates recovered from diarrhetic calves for antimicrobial sensitivity pattern will help choose the appropriate antibiotic and decrease the transmission of theses isolates to humans.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160184_aa85c7eca62c839f7cda31c35c99bd2b.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Egypt232916018810.21608/jcvr.2021.160188ENAlaa E.H.MostafaDean of faculty of veterinary medicine, Sadat universityAhmedHammadDepartment of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.MaiDawoudDepartment of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.Journal Article20210212Bovine mastitis constitutes an economic and serious problem in dairy industry worldwide. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Menoufiya governorate, Egypt. A total of 530 mastitic samples (280 clinical and 250 subclinical) were collected and subjected to bacteriological examination. The result revealed that prevalence rate of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 52.83% and 47.16%, while S. aureus prevalence rate was 28.57% and 24.4% in clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. Out of 157 staphylococci isolates on MSA medium, 141(89.9%) were identified as S. aureus isolates through biochemical activities and confirmed by amplifying of nuc gene at 279 bp. All S. aureus isolates confirmed by nuc gene (141 isolates) were tested for antibiogram profile against some β-lactams antibiotics (oxacillin, penicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) that recorded high resistance against these antibiotics. Out of 141 isolates, 128 (90.78%) were confirmed as MRSA strains based on phenotypic resistance to oxacillin and confirmed by molecular detection of the mecA gene at 310 bp. In conclusion, these results showed the significance of continuous surveillance of antibiogram pattern of S. aureus isolates of mastitis origin to design effective control measures for S. aureus mastitis.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160188_ee2feebcfb51aee3aa8b5c528a1078b9.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Assessment of Maternal Immunity Against LSD in Calves Born to Cows Immunized with Sheep Pox Vaccine at Different Time of Gestation Period304116024910.21608/jcvr.2021.160249ENAhmedAbo-BakrDepartment of Vet. Med., Faculty of Vet. Med., Beni-Suef University, EgyptSherinRoubyDepartment of Vet. Med., Faculty of Vet. Med., Beni-Suef University, EgyptAmeraElsaiedDepartment of Pox, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.El-SherifA.M.Department of Vet. Med., Faculty of Vet. Med., Beni-Suef University, EgyptJournal Article20200912Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a poxvirus disease of cattle characterized by fever, nodules on the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs, emaciation, enlarged lymph nodes, edema of the skin, and sometimes death. Vaccination of cattle is the most effective option for controlling the spread of lumpy skin disease. All the vaccines used to prevent LSD are currently based on live attenuated viruses. Two types of vaccines against LSD are commercially available; lumpy skin disease vaccine and sheep pox vaccine with the latter is commonly used, but their ability to induce passive immunity is poorly known. Here, we evaluated the passive immunity transferred from dams immunized with sheep pox vaccine to calves. Pregnant cattle were injected with living attenuated sheep pox vaccine Romanian strain via intradermal route. Clinical conditions were monitored throughout the study. The humoral immune response was evaluated in dam and in serum samples collected from newborn calves. The results indicated that sheep pox vaccine vaccines are safe and produce a good humoral immune response in pregnant cattle. Moreover, results showed that, in calf serum, passive immunity persists until three months of age.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160249_4d38f470d043c948e09c5a6de9642881.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle: Hematological, Biochemical and Oxidative Changes424916025010.21608/jcvr.2021.160250ENTamerAllamDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City 32897, Egypt.0000-0003-4081-4386MohamedNayelDepartment of Animal Medicine and Infectiou0000-0001-9048-0746NouraAlkhalefaDepartment of Virology. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University. Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt.AsmaaMagouzDepartment of Virology. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University. Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt.NaglaaGomaaDepartment of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt.EmadGhazyDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh 33516, Egypt.Journal Article20201014This study was conducted to determine the clinical, haematologic, biochemical findings, and oxidative stress parameters in cattle naturally infected with lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in the Kafrelshikh governorate, Egypt. Twenty animals were divided into 2 groups. Ten apparent healthy mixed Holstein female cows with age ranged between 1.5-3 years did not show any symptoms of LSD and considered the control group. Other 10 mixed Holstein pregnant females with an age range between 2-3 years considered diseased group by clinical examination and laboratory confirmation by polymerase chain reaction and analysis of the blood samples. The diseased cows suffered from fever (above 40∘C), anorexia, emaciation, skin nodules distributed in various body parts, lacrimation, nasal discharge, oedema, enlarged prescapular, and prefemoral lymph nodes. Haematological examination of the blood collected from infected animals showed a significant reduction in the number of erythrocytes, various leukocyte types, and thrombocytes as well as macrocytic hypochromic anemia.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160250_26824b1608869dda54e26824e17e4c6f.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401The Potential Teratogenic Effect of Tilmicosin in Rats: Visceral Malformations and Histomorphological Alterations in Fetal Internal Organs506216025210.21608/jcvr.2021.160252ENMohamedSeddikVetrinarian at the General Organization for Vetrinary Services (GOVS), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamination, EgyptNermeenEl-BoraiDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.BadrEl-BialyDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.HeshamElsabbaghDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.Journal Article20201114Potential fetal adverse effects are well-known for several antibacterial classes. The present study was performed to evaluate the potential teratogenic effect of Tilmicosin (TMS) antibiotic in Sprague Dawley rats. TMS was daily administered orally to pregnant rats at two dose levels, 250 or 500 mg/kg bw, on 6-15 days of gestation. The morphological or skeletal malformations were non-significantly different from control values. However, visceral examination revealed elevation in the percentage of intrathoracic and intracranial haemorrhages, and kidney hypoplasia (unilateral or bilateral) in fetuses from dams treated with the high dose. In addition, both dose levels produced fetuses with increased percentages of dilated brain ventricles, heart ventricles and renal pelvis. Histopathologically, both TMS doses induced pathological changes in fetal liver and kidney, in a dose-dependent manner. Liver showed hepatocyte hydropic degeneration, congestion of hepatic blood vessels, engorgement of bile canaliculi and dilatation of hepatic lymphatic vessels. Kidney revealed coagulative necrosis of renal tubules and glomerular tuft, adhesion between the parietal and visceral layers of Bowman’s capsule and the glomerular tuft became ring shape with the presence of multiple layer glomerular tufts. In conclusion, TMS antibiotic has the potential to induce teratogenic effects (mainly visceral) and pathological changes in liver and kidneys tissues of rat fetuses when administered during the organogenesis period. This result demonstrated the ability of TMS to pass the placental barrier.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160252_2824b5d43be4f7dbd3bf423a6e8aed57.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Salmonellae Isolated from Some Meat Products636916025310.21608/jcvr.2021.160253ENZakaria HassanElbayoumidepartment of food hygiene faculty of veterinary medicine university of Sadat cityRasha NabilZahranDepartment of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, EgyptReyadShawishDepartment of Food Hygiene & Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.Journal Article20201212A Total of 200 random samples of meat products (minced meat, beef burger, kofta, sausage and luncheon) collected from different shops and supermarkets at El Menofiya Governorate, Egypt. The collected samples were examined for the isolation of Salmonella spp, serological identifications and molecular characterization by using PCR. Salmonella spp was isolated from the examined samples with the percentage of 25% (10) ,35% (14) ,27.5% (11), 30% (12) and 7.5% (3) respectively. The isolated Salmonella serologically identified as S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Paratyphi A and S. Typhimurium, also multiplex PCR methods were used for detection of virulence genes (invA and hilA ) genes of Salmonella. The PCR results revealed that invasion gene (inv A) and hyper-invasive locus gene (hilA) in S.Entertidis , S. Paratyphia A and S. Typhimurium . While S. Infants only positive for Invasion gene (invA) could be detected.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160253_ba2a156c87863dbe2789023e27e0d358.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Streptococcus agalactiae Isolation and Characterization in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with Histopathological Studies707916025410.21608/jcvr.2021.160254ENHananGhetasDepartment of Aquatic Animals Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, EgyptAsmaaNeianaDepartment of Aquatic Animals Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, EgyptRiadKhalilDepartment of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.HusseinA.MDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, EgyptMohamedKhallafDepartment of Aquatic Animals Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt0000-0001-5854-4914Journal Article20210101Streptococcus agalactiae has been described as one of the most serious bacterial diseases in tilapia culture. This study investigated the isolation and characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae from a condition of mass mortality in farmed Oreochromis niloticus at Baltim region, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt during the summer of 2019, and the effectiveness of locally prepared bacterin for prevention of streptococcal disease. Infected fish showed corneal opacity, congestion of spleen, liver, and kidney, the abdominal space filled with watery and bloody ascites, and light-colored nodules on the kidneys, spleen, or liver. Water qualities were measured parallel to the fish sample. S. agalactiae isolates were identified by phenotypic and biochemical VITEK II methods. Ampicillin, Colistin sulfate, would appear as the best antibacterial agents to use in the treatment. The relative level of protection value was 70% in Oreochromis niloticus challenged with a virulent strain of S. agalactiae (107 CFU /1 ml) and vaccinated with locally prepared killed bacterin. Histopathological investigations revealed congested blood vessels in all organ's specimens examined, inflammatory cells infiltration, degenerative changes, different stages of necrosis of the liver, and generalized meningoencephalitis of the brain. The current study recommended that S. agalactia induced many problems in tilapia culture in presence of bad water quality during the summer season, and the vaccination program gives good results and high protection which may be a useful method for the prevention and control of streptococcal infection.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160254_8b929af56c1a843c72a3d19027c3e727.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Thiamphenicol After A Single Intravenous and Oral Administrations in Broiler Chickens808516025510.21608/jcvr.2021.160255ENEmanElhoseinypharmacology department, faculty of veterinary medicine, universty of sadat city0000-0003-4684-8106TahaAttiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City.SaberEl-HanbalyDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City.Journal Article20201107The pharmacokinetic profile of thiamphenicol was studied in broiler chickens following a single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration at dosage rate 30 mg/kg BW. Serum concentrations of TP were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After IV dose, the serum thiamphenicol concentration time course was found to obey two-compartment open model. After IV dose, elimination half-life (t1/2λz), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), total body clearance (Cltot) and mean residence time (MRT) of TP were 4.58±0.2hr, 2.31±0.1L/kg, 0.31±0.006L/hr/kg, and 2.44±0.1hr, respectively. After oral administration of thiamphenicol, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 14.58±0.1μg/ml and was obtained at 3.64±0.01hr (tmax) post administration. Elimination half-life (t1/2el) and absorption half-life t1/2ab.) were 2.65±0.01hr and 2.06±0.01hr, respectively. The systemic bioavailability following oral administration of TP was 117.79±1.2%. TP therapy with dosage rate of 30 mg/kg BW is suggested for a beneficial clinical effect in broiler chickens.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160255_5ee5a1a964766a1776377edb2d7e6de8.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Influence of Toltrazuril on Disposition Kinetic and Bioavailability of Thiamphenicol in Broilers869216025610.21608/jcvr.2021.160256ENTahaAttiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City.SaberEl-HanbalyDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City.EmanElhoseinypharmacology department, faculty of veterinary medicine, universty of sadat city0000-0003-4684-8106Journal Article20201114The Effect of toltrazuril on the disposition kinetics and bioavailability of thiamphenicol following a single intravenous (IV) and oral administrations in broiler chickens at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight was investigated. The serum thiamphenicol concentration was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. After IV injection, thiamphenicol serum concentration was best to be described by a two-compartment open model. Toltrazuril pretreatment was resulted in a significance increase in Vdss and Cltot (3.51±0.1and 0.38±0.005 L/kg, respectively) of thiamphenicol compared with thiamphenicol administered alone (2.31±0.1 and 0.31±0.006L /kg, respectively).The elimination half-life and the mean residence time of thiamphenicol were 4.58±0.2 and 2.44±0.1, 5.72±0.2 and 2.25±0.1h., in control and toltrazuril pretreated chickens, respectively. Following oral dosing, the maximum serum concentration was 14.58±0.1 and 11.88±0.04 μg/ml reached at 3.64±0.01 and 3.56±0.01h, in control and toltrazuril pretreated chickens, respectively. Oral bioavailability was found to be 117.79± 1.2 and114.85 ±0 .7 % in control and toltrazuril pretreated chickens, respectively. It was concluded that the pretreatment of toltrazuril with thiamphenicol in broilers altered the pharmacokinetic profile of thiamphenicol.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160256_0a6122796c49d714cea48a90a29ea00f.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Compare the Efficacy of Corneal Healing Between AS and E-PRP Treatment in Dogs939916025710.21608/jcvr.2021.160257ENShaabanGadallahDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.TarekMiskDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.AlaaGhaithDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, EgyptEslam RedaAhmedfaculty of veterinary medicine Sadat city university, egyptAnisZaidDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.Journal Article20201203Corneal ulcer is considered one of the most common ocular surface diseases, it may lead to blepharospasm, photophobia, lacrimation, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal oedema. Conventional treatments are sometimes not effective in solving the pathological condition therefore blood derivatives which are rich in growth factors were used to accelerate wound healing as well as its ability to induce regeneration of affected tissues. Blood derivatives include autologous serum (AS), eye drops platelets rich plasma (E-PRP). A 6 mm induced corneal wound were performed at the center of the cornea at one eye at a 240 M depth in 20 mongrel dogs. Dogs divided into three groups, E-PRP group (8 dogs) and AS group (8 dogs) and a control group (4 dogs) received normal saline eye drops. All dogs were received 4-time treatment per day until negative fluorescein stain test is obtained. Histological study was performed for 3 dogs (one from each group) two months from the beginning of the experiment. Clinically the E-PRP group showed faster healing time with a significant difference (3.62±0.23 day) from AS group (4.75±0.25 day) and control group (6.75±0.30 day). Histologically, E-PRP group showed more arrangement of the epithelial layers compared with AS group and control group. Aim of our study: to compare the efficacy of AS and E-PRP in the healing of induced corneal wound in dogs. In conclusion, E-PRP and AS showed a significant faster epithelial healing from control group. As well as E-PRP showed also a significant improvement over AS in heling time and quality of regenerated epithelial tissue.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160257_f04c6019ff078669fcc9d6cb70b4d13f.pdfUniversity of Sadat City, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineJournal of Current Veterinary Research2636-40183120210401Preparation and Clinical Use of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma Eye Drops in Dogs10010516025910.21608/jcvr.2021.160259ENEslam RedaAhmedfaculty of veterinary medicine Sadat city university, egyptTarekMiskDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.ShaabanGadallahDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.AlaaGhaithDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt.Journal Article20201212Several studies demonstrate the effectiveness of eye drops Platelet Rich Plasma (E-PRP) as a promoter of the healing of different ophthalmological disorders in human, due to the high concentration of growth factors as EGF, PDGF-BB and Fibronectin which represent the key to obtain the desired regenerative effects on the ocular surface. There is different protocol for PRP eye drops preparation for use in human corneal disorders. This study was to evaluate an easy and affordable technique for preparation of canine autologous E-PRP according to standard measure used before for human corneal disorders to be used in canine corneal ulcers in comparison with control group, all treatments were applied four times daily. Twelve healthy dogs were divided into two groups first group included eight dogs which received autologous E-PRP compared with second group which included four dogs and received saline eye drops as control. Complete blood count is performed to whole blood and E-PRP to validate last one content of platelets which must equal more 1.5 those in whole blood. E-PRP contain platelets 2.41-fold than those in whole blood with one step centrifugation technique. Autologous canine E-PRP mean healing time was 3.62±0.23 days while with control group mean healing time was 6.75±0.30 days. In conclusion, As the E-PRP is now widely documented in human ophthalmology, it had been proven as a great result in veterinary practice when prepare autologous E-PRP by single step centrifugation to be used for canine corneal wound and healing rate was better than control group by significant difference. which make it novel option for treatment for canine corneal ulcer.<br /><br />https://jcvr.journals.ekb.eg/article_160259_e2b93865412a842365a38adccdb8e84b.pdf