Acaricidal Effects of Selamectin and Ficus sycomorus extracts on Sarcoptes scabiei Mites ‎Infection in Rabbit

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This study aimed to evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo acaricidal activity of the Ficus ‎sycomorus (F. sycomorus) against fur mites in rabbits. Methanol 70% was used to extract F. ‎sycomorus extracts from either the leaf or stem bark. The in vitro acaricidal activity of F. ‎sycomorus extracts was tested using 2 ml of each F. sycomorus extract at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, ‎and 1 mg/ml concentrations in each experimental Petri dish containing ten ‎Sarcoptesscabiei (S. scabiei) mites/dish. Negative control mites were given distilled water, ‎whereas positive control mites were given selamectin. The stereomicroscopic examination ‎was then performed 30 minutes after incubation and was repeated hourly until 7 hours ‎after incubation. The mortality rate, median lethal time (LT50), and lethal concentration ‎‎(LC50 and LC99) were calculated.‎ ‎ Also, for in vivo acaricidal activity of the same extracts ‎were done using fifty intact New Zealand white male rabbits allocated to five experimental ‎groups (n = 10). The first experimental group kept without infection as the negative ‎control group. Whereas, the rabbits in other groups were inoculated with 50S. scabiei ‎mites previously isolated on the skin of the tip of the left ear auricle. After the infection ‎confirmation, the second group was treated topically with distilled water and kept as the ‎positive control group. Also, the third group was treated with selamectin at a dose rate of ‎‎12 mg/kg BW on days 0, and 14th during treatment and served as a drug-treated group. ‎While the fourth and the fifth groups were subjected to 9 drops (0.6 ml) of 100 mg/ml ‎daily of either F. sycomorus leaf or stem bark extracts topically on the fur mite lesions ‎every other day up to day 21. The results of the study revealed a promising in ‎vitroacaricidal activity of F. sycomorus leaf and bark extracts on S. scabiei mites and this ‎effect was time and dose-dependent. LC50 and LC99 of S. scabiei at 4 hours after F. ‎sycomorus leaf extract treatment were 0.149 and 1.373 g/ml, while for the bark extract ‎were 0.124 and 1.074. This effect was confirmed in the in vivo trials as either leaf or stem ‎bark extracts of F. sycomorus showed an effective acaricidal activity against S. scabiei mites.‎

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Journal of Current Veterinary Research
Volume 5, Issue 1
April 2023
Pages 206-222

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