Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Microvesicle and the Future of Bone Grafting: A Narrative Review.

Document Type : Original Article

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Abstract

Critically sized bone fractures cannot heal naturally without targeted 
intervention throughout the animal's life. Hence, advanced methods of bone 
reconstruction are mandatory to promote bone healing. Bone graft alternates 
could enhance the mechanical properties of bones and provide an endless source 
of bone tissue regeneration. Utilizing revascularized bone-containing free flaps is 
considered one of the most efficient approaches for bone reconstruction, owing 
to the vitality of the bone tissue involved. Nevertheless, these processes are 
intricate and require advanced skills, a lot of time for collection, and gradual 
acquisition of manual abilities over multiple years. Recently, the method 
involving the fusion of bone tissue engineering components and mesenchymal 
stem cells has shown promise, particularly in clinical settings. Mesenchymal 
stem cells have the capacity to produce growth factors that aid angiogenesis and 
recruitment of other cells that play a significant part in motivating bone tissue 
production and healing. This article intends to show an overview of the current 
state of cell therapy in engineering of animal bone tissue. 

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