Comparative Study on Cellulase Production and Optimization by Bacillus species and Aspergillus niger Using Wheat Bran Under Solid-State Fermentation.

Microbial cellulases are extremely adaptable catalysts that have a wide range of 
applications in the food and animal feed, brewing, paper and pulp, textile, laundry, 
biofuel, and agricultural industries. Because of the complexity of enzyme systems 
and their wide range of commercial applications, cellulases have garnered a great 
deal of interest from the scientific community. In this work, we examine how well 
Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cerious can create and optimize 
cellulases following the use of Central Composite Design. The variables under 
investigation for optimum cellulase production in solid-state fermentation settings 
are substrate, pH, and incubation temperature. At pH 4.32, temperature 33, and 
substrate 12, Aspergillus niger produced the greatest cellulose activity of 124.48 
(compared to the expected cellulase activity of 109.01 U/ml). On the other hand the 
lowest cellulose activity was 24.08 U/ml (predicted cellulase activity, 25.34 U/ml) 
obtained at pH 6, temperature 41 and substrate 12. The highest cellulose activity 
produced by Bacillus subtilis was 95.64 (predicted cellulase activity, 91.01 U/ml) 
obtained at pH 9, temperature 50 and substrate 7.96. On the other hand the lowest 
cellulose activity was 28.68 U/ml (predicted cellulase activity, 26.88 U/ml) 
obtained at pH 10.86, temperature 50 and substrate 12. The highest cellulose 
activity produced by Bacillus cerious was 88.08 U/ml (predicted cellulase activity, 
91.61 U/ml) obtained at pH 9, temperature 50 and substrate 7.96. On the other 
hand the lowest cellulose activity was 33.96 U/ml (predicted cellulase activity, 
39.01 U/ml) obtained at pH 7.32, temperature 50 and substrate 12. The application 
of CCD and the comparison study of this work revealed that the highest cellulose 
activity was produced by Aspergillus niger (124.48 U/ml) followed by Bacillus 
subtilis (95.64 U/ml) and finally Bacillus cerious (88.08 U/ml). Aspergillus niger is 
the most reliable for producing higher amount of cellulase than Bacillus species. 
The results of this work also offer a different method for making use of agricultural 
waste and a way to efficiently produce cellulase for the breakdown of 
lignocellulosic materials, both of which have positive consequences for sustainable 
waste management. In conclusion Aspergillus niger is the most reliable for producing higher amount of cellulase than Bacillus species. Furthermore, this 
study's results offer a different way to use agricultural waste and a method for 
effectively producing cellulase, which is needed for the breakdown of 
lignocellulosic materials. These discoveries have a chance to improve sustainable 
waste management.